What is the difference between alpha and beta globin?

What is the difference between alpha and beta globin?

Beta-globin is a component (subunit) of a larger protein called hemoglobin, which is located inside red blood cells. In adults, hemoglobin normally consists of four protein subunits: two subunits of beta-globin and two subunits of a protein called alpha-globin, which is produced from another gene called HBA.

What is the difference between alpha and beta thalassemia trait?

Alpha thalassemia is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of alpha globin chains, and beta thalassemia is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta globin chains. Imbalances of globin chains cause hemolysis and impair erythropoiesis.

Are globin genes paralogs?

The α-like globins are paralogous, meaning that they are homologous genes generated by gene duplication. ζ-globin is made in embryonic red cells, and α-globin is produced in fetal and adult red cells (Fig.

Is thalassemia minor alpha or beta?

If either the alpha or beta part is not made, there aren’t enough building blocks to make normal amounts of hemoglobin. Low alpha is called alpha thalassemia. Low beta is called beta thalassemia. When the words “trait,” “minor,” “intermedia,” or “major” are used, these words describe how severe the thalassemia is.

Which chromosome is the human beta-globin gene on?

The human β-globin gene cluster consists of five genes arranged in chromosome 11 in the same order in which they are expressed during development: 5′-ɛ-, Gγ -, Aγ-, δ-, and β-globin gene (8) (Fig.

What is sickle cell beta-globin?

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a structural and monogenetic genetic disorder due to a mutation that occurs in the globin β-chain, resulting in the formation of hemoglobin S (Hb S), a protein composed of two normal, and two β-type mutant chains.

What is the human globin gene family?

The beta-globin gene family located on chromosome 11 is shown in the figure below and consists of five functional genes (blue boxes) and two pseudogenes (diagonal lines). These hemoglobin proteins have a higher binding affinity for oxygen than the adult hemoglobins encoded by the b and d genes.

Are there new mutations in the beta globin gene?

Presentation of two new mutations in the 3’untranslated region of the beta-globin gene and evaluating the molecular spectrum of thalassemia mutations in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Novel mechanism of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis phenotype due to co-inheritance of beta globin and alpha spectrin mutations.

How is myoglobin different from Alpha and beta subunits?

Despite the structural similarity of myoglobin to alpha and beta subunits of hemoglobin, there is a functional difference between the two proteins, owing to the quaternary structure of hemoglobin. The effect of the quaternary structure of hemoglobin on the intrinsic dynamics of its subunits is explored by dynamical comparison of the two proteins.

What causes sickle cell anemia without beta globin?

Mutant beta globin causes sickle cell anemia. Absence of beta chain causes beta-zero-thalassemia. Reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta-plus-thalassemia. The order of the genes in the beta-globin cluster is 5′-epsilon — gamma-G — gamma-A — delta — beta–3′.

Is there a HBB mutation in thalassemic patients?

Prevalence of hemoglobin E in Yunnan Province of Southwest China has been described. This study reports a Chinese family in whom the codon 35 (A > G) (HBB: c.107A > G) mutation of the beta-globin gene was not associated with the thalassemic phenotype previously described.